have / has + past participle
| Example |
|---|
| Positive | I've visited Vietnam. She's worked on a farm. |
| Negative | I haven't tried oysters. He's never played golf. |
| Question | Have you ever missed a flight? — Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. / No, never. |
I, you, we, they → have ('ve) · he, she, it → has ('s)
Experiences in your life
Use it for experiences: something happened (or never happened) at some time in your life, and the time is not important: I've been to Texas. Have you ever cooked for ten people?
- ever = at any time (in questions) · never = at no time. They go between have and the participle: Have you ever sung…? I've never sung…
- How many times: once, twice, three times, many times: My dad has changed jobs three times.
- been to a place = went there and came back. gone to a place = went there and is there now: My aunt has gone to Peru. (She is there now.)
Past participles
| Base → past → past participle |
|---|
| Regular: + -ed, like the past | visit → visited → visited · try → tried → tried · stop → stopped → stopped |
| Irregular, the same as the past | buy → bought → bought · make → made → made · find → found → found · sleep → slept → slept |
| Irregular, not the same as the past | see → saw → seen · eat → ate → eaten · fly → flew → flown · swim → swam → swum · ride → rode → ridden · drive → drove → driven · write → wrote → written · go → went → gone · be → was / were → been |
Watch out: after have, use the past participle, not the past: not I've saw it or Have you ever went…?. In a short answer, use the long form: Yes, I have. (not Yes, I've.)
Not with a finished time: not I've been to Iceland in 2020. With a time (in 2020, last year), use the past simple: lesson 24 practices this.
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