Review 5 · Units 10–11

What's in the lesson

1. 1Warm-up
2. 2In this lesson
3. 3Remember these?Vocabulary
4. 4Match the wordsVocabulary exercise
5. 5Emberlark's first ten yearsVocabulary exercise
6. 6Check your understandingReading comprehension
7. 7Check the conversationListening comprehension
8. 8Grammar from units 10–11Grammar rule
9. 9Grammar checkGrammar exercise
10. 10Find the mistakeGrammar exercise
11. 11The whole course: find the mistakeGrammar exercise
12. 12The whole course: grammar checkGrammar exercise
13. 13Say it naturallySpeaking practice
14. 14The visit and the busy seasonSpeaking practice
15. 15Looking back: the course in one conversationSpeaking practice
16. 16Wrap-up

Homework

1. 1Homework: closest meaningVocabulary exercise
2. 2Homework: your sentencesVocabulary exercise
3. 3Homework: Celia writes to the buyersGrammar exercise
4. 4Homework: looking back at the courseDiscussion

Words

• mandate/ˈmændeɪt/

  an official order that people have to follow

• privacy/ˈpraɪvəsi/

  being free from other people watching you or knowing your personal information

• oversight/ˈoʊvərsaɪt/

  the job of watching over work or a process to make sure that it is done correctly

• skeptic/ˈskeptɪk/

  a person who doubts that something is true, useful or as good as people say

• boundary/ˈbaʊndri/

  a limit that you set on what you will do or accept

• overextend/ˌoʊvərɪkˈstend/

  to try to do more than you can manage

• stake/steɪk/

  a share of a company that someone owns

• go public/ˌɡoʊ ˈpʌblɪk/

  to start selling shares in a company on a stock exchange, so that anyone can buy them

• monetize/ˈmɑːnɪtaɪz/

  to make money from something, such as a hobby, a skill or a website

• stakeholder/ˈsteɪkhoʊldər/

  a person or group affected by a company's decisions, such as workers, customers, investors or neighbors

• greenwashing/ˈɡriːnwɑːʃɪŋ/

  making a company or a product look better for the environment than it really is

• tactful/ˈtæktfl/

  careful not to say or do anything that could upset or embarrass people

Two slides from the lesson

Warm-up

Before we look back at units 10 and 11, and at the whole course:

1. Has an AI tool or a new rule at work made your week easier or harder lately? How?
2. Have you ever shown a visitor around your workplace, your school or your town? What did you most want them to see?
3. This is the last lesson of the course. What can you do in English at work now that you couldn't do when we started?

Grammar rule

Grammar from units 10–11

Unit	Grammar	Example
10	rules and expectations: have to / need to (necessary) · don't have to / don't need to (not necessary) · can / be allowed to · can't / not be allowed to (must not in written rules) · be supposed to (what is expected, often not what happens)	Drivers have to sign for every pallet. · You don't need to print the invoice. · Guests can't park by the loading dock. · The store is supposed to close at six, but it never does.
10	future forms with will: be + -ing (in progress, or a normal part of the future) · have + past participle (finished before a time) · be + past participle (the passive)	At noon, I'll be driving to the airport. · By May, we'll have hired a new chef. · The winners will be announced on Friday.
10	-ing or to, with a change of meaning: stop, try, remember, forget, regret, go on	stopped selling (not anymore) / stopped to check (in order to) · try asking (an experiment) / try to finish (an effort) · remember meeting (a memory) / remember to lock (a task) · regret not booking / regret to announce · went on talking / went on to win
11	third and mixed conditionals	If the van had started, we would have arrived on time. · If she hadn't moved to Denver, she wouldn't work here now. · If he were more careful, he wouldn't have lost the keys.
11	used to / would (past habits; would only for actions) · be used to / get used to + -ing or a noun (what feels normal)	We used to print every invoice. · Before the app, customers would call in every order. · I'm used to long flights. · She's getting used to her new commute.
11	reporting and hedging	It is estimated that most of our sales come from repeat customers. · The founder is said to have started with $500. · Prices appear to be rising. · Small shops tend to close on Mondays. · The email may have gone to spam.
11	question tags, negative questions and softeners	We're on time, aren't we? · Wouldn't Friday be better for everyone? · I'm afraid Monday is full. · Perhaps we could talk on Tuesday.

Things to watch. must has no past form (had to); don't have to is not must not; keep be and the d in be supposed to and be allowed to. needn't + verb means don't need to, but it is formal and mostly British. After by the time, use the present, not will. In the if part of a third conditional, careful English uses had + past participle, not would have. would is not for states (have, be, know), and used to is not for a total (for six years); after be used to and get used to, use -ing or a noun. Not is said that it…: say It is said that… or … is said to…, and use to have + past participle for something earlier. A tag uses the helping verb, be or the modal from the statement (do / does / did when there is none) and a pronoun, and a negative statement takes a positive tag.