The birth of jazz

What's in the lesson

1. 1Warm-up
2. 2In this lesson
3. 3Guess the words (1)Vocabulary exercise
4. 4Guess the words (2)Vocabulary exercise
5. 5Check the wordsVocabulary
6. 6Check your understandingReading comprehension
7. 7Listen: a New Orleans jazz funeralListening comprehension
8. 8Use the new wordsVocabulary exercise
9. 9Two sentences in oneGrammar exercise
10. 10Relative clausesGrammar rule
11. 11Who, that, which, where or whose?Grammar exercise
12. 12Say it right: music wordsSpeaking practice
13. 13Three songs that matter to youSpeaking practice
14. 14Let's discussDiscussion
15. 15Wrap-up

Homework

1. 1Homework: closest meaningVocabulary exercise
2. 2Homework: your sentencesVocabulary exercise
3. 3Homework: a night at a jazz clubGrammar exercise
4. 4Homework: music that mattersDiscussion

Words

• rhythm/ˈrɪðəm/

  a regular pattern of sounds or beats in music

• tune/tuːn/

  a series of musical notes that is nice to listen to; a melody

• improvise/ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

  to make up music, words or actions as you go, without planning them

• perform/pərˈfɔːrm/

  to play music, sing, dance or act for other people

• audience/ˈɔːdiəns/

  the people who watch or listen to a concert, a play or a talk

• tradition/trəˈdɪʃn/

  something that people have done in the same way for a very long time

• influence/ˈɪnfluəns/

  to change the way someone or something develops or behaves (influence someone or something)

• funeral/ˈfjuːnərəl/

  a ceremony for a person who has died

• crowd/kraʊd/

  a large group of people in one place

• upbeat/ˈʌpbiːt/

  happy and full of energy (music, a mood or a person)

Two slides from the lesson

Warm-up

Let's talk about music.

1. What kind of music do you listen to most? When do you listen to it?
2. Have you ever listened to jazz? Where did you hear it: in a movie, a café, a club…?
3. Is there a kind of music that comes from your country? What is it like?

Grammar rule

Relative clauses

who, that, which, where, whose

A relative clause comes right after a noun. It tells us which person, thing or place we mean, or more about it.

• who or that for people: a musician who changed jazz
• that or which for things: music that makes you dance (in American English, that is more common)
• where for places (= there): the city where jazz was born (jazz was born there)
• whose for possession (his, her, its, their): a singer whose voice was deep and rough

After a comma (extra information), never use that: Armstrong, who was born in 1901, … · brass bands, which played at parades

Don't say it twice

Who, that and which take the place of a word like he, she, it, they or them, so don't add that word again: a musician who changed jazz (not a musician who he changed jazz) · the songs that the band played (not the songs that the band played them).

Not what: the music that I love (not the music what I love). More in this unit's grammar lesson: leaving out who, that or which, and more about clauses with commas.