Public transportation

What's in the lesson

1. 1Warm-up
2. 2In this lesson
3. 3Guess the words (1)Vocabulary exercise
4. 4Guess the words (2)Vocabulary exercise
5. 5Check the wordsVocabulary
6. 6Check your understandingReading comprehension
7. 7Listen: Sam's messageListening comprehension
8. 8Use the new wordsVocabulary exercise
9. 9What does it mean?Grammar exercise
10. 10Find because, so and althoughGrammar exercise
11. 11because, so and althoughGrammar rule
12. 12because, so or although?Grammar exercise
13. 13Match the halvesGrammar exercise
14. 14Say it right: linking wordsSpeaking practice
15. 15City councilSpeaking practice
16. 16Let's discussDiscussion
17. 17Wrap-up

Homework

1. 1Homework: closest meaningVocabulary exercise
2. 2Homework: your sentencesVocabulary exercise
3. 3Homework: because, so or although?Grammar exercise
4. 4Homework: getting around my townDiscussion

Words

• subway/ˈsʌbweɪ/

  a train that runs under the ground in a city

• fare/fer/

  the money you pay for a trip on a bus, a train or a taxi

• schedule/ˈskedʒuːl/

  a list of the times when buses, trains or planes leave and arrive (also: a plan of what you will do and when)

• delay/dɪˈleɪ/

  a time when something happens later than planned (also a verb: to make something late)

• commute/kəˈmjuːt/

  to travel to work or school and back every day (also a noun: a long commute)

• rush hour/ˈrʌʃ aʊər/

  the busy time of day when many people go to work or come home

• traffic jam/ˈtræfɪk dʒæm/

  a long line of cars that move very slowly or don't move at all

• convenient/kənˈviːniənt/

  good for you because it is easy, near or at a good time (not convenient = inconvenient)

• pollution/pəˈluːʃn/

  dirty air, water or land, often from cars and factories

• pedestrian/pəˈdestriən/

  someone who is walking, not in a car or on a bike

Two slides from the lesson

Warm-up

Let's talk about getting around.

1. How do you usually get to work or school?
2. What is the best way to travel around your city?
3. Have you ever ridden a subway in another country?

Grammar rule

because, so and although

reason, result, contrast

	Example
because + a reason	Many people drive because they feel safer.
so + a result	Medellín has steep hills, so the city built cable cars.
although + a contrast	Although the bus is slower, it stops right outside. The movie was good, although it was long.

because answers "Why?": Why do you take the bus? Because it's cheap. In writing, use a full sentence: I take the bus because it's cheap. In the middle of a sentence, there is usually no comma before because. because can also come first, with a comma after the reason: Because it was late, I took a taxi.

so comes between the two ideas, usually after a comma: The train was late, so I took a taxi.

although goes before one idea, and but goes before the other: Although it was late, I walked. = It was late, but I walked.

Use one linking word to join two ideas, not two: not Although it was late, but I walked, not Because it was late, so I took a taxi.

because + a subject and a verb: because it rained. With only a noun, say because of: because of the rain.