The story of denim

What's in the lesson

1. 1Warm-up
2. 2In this lesson
3. 3Guess the words (1)Vocabulary exercise
4. 4Guess the words (2)Vocabulary exercise
5. 5Check the wordsVocabulary
6. 6Check your understandingReading comprehension
7. 7A pair of jeansVocabulary
8. 8Listen: Grandma's first jeansListening comprehension
9. 9Use the new wordsVocabulary exercise
10. 10What does it mean?Grammar exercise
11. 11Find used toGrammar exercise
12. 12used toGrammar rule
13. 13Grandpa's life, then and nowGrammar exercise
14. 14Choose the right formGrammar exercise
15. 15Say it right: used toSpeaking practice
16. 16Two truths and a lieSpeaking practice
17. 17Let's discussDiscussion
18. 18Wrap-up

Homework

1. 1Homework: closest meaningVocabulary exercise
2. 2Homework: your sentencesVocabulary exercise
3. 3Homework: find the mistakeGrammar exercise
4. 4Homework: then and nowDiscussion

Words

• pocket/ˈpɑːkɪt/

  a small part of your clothes, like a little bag, where you can put keys, money or a phone

• cotton/ˈkɑːtn/

  a soft, natural cloth made from a plant (T-shirts and jeans are made of cotton)

• factory/ˈfæktəri/

  a building where people make things with machines

• rebel/ˈrebl/

  a person who doesn't follow the rules and fights against them

• brand/brænd/

  the name that a company puts on its products, or the company itself (Levi's is a famous brand)

• comfortable/ˈkʌmftərbl/

  nice to wear or to sit in, so that you feel good (comfortable shoes)

• fashionable/ˈfæʃnəbl/

  popular and modern: what many people want to wear now

• allow/əˈlaʊ/

  to say that someone can do or have something (not allow = say no)

• style/staɪl/

  a kind or shape of something, like clothes or hair (a new style of jeans)

• tight/taɪt/

  small and close to your body, not loose

Two slides from the lesson

Warm-up

Let's talk about clothes.

1. How many pairs of jeans do you have, do you think?
2. What do you usually wear on weekends?
3. What clothes did you love when you were a teenager?

Grammar rule

used to

used to + verb: true before, not true now

	Example
Positive	The company used to call them "waist overalls."
Negative	Jeans didn't use to be fashionable.
Question	Did your grandparents use to wear jeans?

Use used to for habits (things that happened again and again) and for states (be, have, live, like, think) in the past that are not true now. It is the same for every person: I used to, she used to, they used to.

After did and didn't, we usually write use to, with no d: Did you use to…? I didn't use to… You will also see didn't used to: some dictionaries accept it, but didn't use to is the safe choice in writing. used to and use to sound the same: "YOOS-tuh".

Not for one time: not I used to buy jeans last Saturday, but I bought jeans last Saturday.

Not for now: for habits now, use the present simple: I usually wear jeans (not I use to wear jeans).

The past simple is fine for past habits too: When I was young, I wore jeans every day. used to makes it clear that it is not true now.

Don't add be: not She was used to work at night, but She used to work at night.